lowmgouМосковский юридический журналMoscow Juridical Journal2949-50912949-513XState University of Education10.18384/2949-513X-2024-1-29-36lowmgou-1065Research ArticleПУБЛИЧНО-ПРАВОВЫЕ (ГОСУДАРСТВЕННО-ПРАВОВЫЕ) НАУКИPUBLIC LAW (STATE LAW) SCIENCESКультура ненависти в цифровой среде: деформация границ свободы слова, совести и вероисповеданияCulture of Hate in Digital Environment: Deformation of the Borders of Freedom of Speech, Conscience and ReligionШумаковаН. И.ShumakovaN. I.

Шумакова Наталья Игоревна – доцент кафедры конституционного и административного права юридического института

454080, г. Челябинск, ул. Ленина, д. 76

Natalia I. Shumakova – Assoc. Prof., Department of Constitutional and Administrative Law of Law Institute

ul. Lenina76, Chelyabinsk 454080

shumakovani@susu.ruЮжно-Уральский государственный университет (национальный исследовательский университет)РоссияThe South Ural State University (National Research University)Russian Federation202422052024012936Copyright © Шумакова Н.И., 20242024Шумакова Н.И.Shumakova N.I.Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.https://www.lawmgoujournal.ru/jour/article/view/1065

Цель. Выявить причины формирования так называемой культуры ненависти посредством анализа особенностей реализации свободы слова, совести и вероисповедания и сопряжённых с ними свободой информации и выражения мнений. Дать оценку способности современного российского законодательства оперативно реагировать на вызовы, связанные с цифровизацией общественных отношений и развитием цифровых технологий.Процедура и методы. В исследовании использовались общенаучные (анализ, синтез, обобщение и др.) и частнонаучные методы (формально-юридический, сравнительно-правовой) научного познания.Результаты. Проведённый анализ показал, что отсутствие государственного контроля за цифровой средой вкупе с деформацией традиционных границ свободы слова, совести и вероисповедания под эгидой их защиты служат причиной нарушения взаимодействий между индивидами, радикализации и поляризации населения, ведущих к глобальным кризисам. Российское законодательство способно противостоять большинству новых вызовов, но нуждается в устранении пробелов, связанных с распространением дипфейков и ужесточением контроля за цифровой средой.Теоретическая и/или практическая значимость. Результаты исследования могут быть использованы для устранения пробелов в праве и национальной политике в области защиты прав граждан в цифровой среде и за её пределами.

Aim. To identify premises of the so-called «culture of hate» in the digital environment by analyzing the specifics of realization freedom of speech, conscience and religion and other freedom codependent with them such as freedom of information and opinion within it. To evaluate the ability of the current Russian legislation to response to the challenges caused by the digitalization of social relationships and the development of digital technologies.Methodology. The author used general scientific (analysis, synthesis, generalization etc.) and private scientific methods (formal judicial method, comparative legal analysis etc.).Results. The conducted research revealed that the lack of state control in the digital environment together with the deformation of traditional borders of freedom speech under the auspices of their protection cause a corruption of communication between individuals, radicalization and polarization of people and lead to global crises. The legislation of Russia is able to response to the most of new challenges but needs an update when it comes to filling the gaps in legal regulation of deep-fakes and strengthening of control over the digital environment.Research implications. The results of the study can be used for filling in gaps in national law and politics in the field of the human rights protection. 

права человекацифровая средацифровая безопасностьцифровые технологиизлоупотребление правомсвобода словасвобода совести и вероисповеданияhuman rightsdigital environmentdigital securitydigital technologiesabuse of lawfreedom of speechfreedom of conscience and religionReferencesChan C. Using digital storytelling to facilitate critical thinking disposition in youth civic engagement: A randomized control trial. In: Children and Youth Services Review, 2019, no. 107. DOI:10.1016/j.childyouth.2019.104522Chan C. Using digital storytelling to facilitate critical thinking disposition in youth civic engagement: A randomized control trial. In: Children and Youth Services Review, 2019, no. 107. DOI:10.1016/j.childyouth.2019.104522Floridi L. Artificial Intelligence, Deepfakes and a Future of Ectypes. In: Philosophy & Technology, 2018, vol. 31, no. 3, pp. 317–321.Floridi L. Artificial Intelligence, Deepfakes and a Future of Ectypes. In: Philosophy & Technology, 2018, vol. 31, no. 3, pp. 317–321.Ganesh B. The ungovernability of digital hate culture. In: Journal of International Affairs, 2018, vol. 71, no. 2, pp. 30–49.Ganesh B. The ungovernability of digital hate culture. In: Journal of International Affairs, 2018, vol. 71, no. 2, pp. 30–49.Holmes C. B. Quran Burning and Religious Hatred: A Comparison of American, International, and European Approaches to Freedom of Speech. In: Washington University Global Studies Law Review, 2012, vol. 11, no. 2, pp. 458–481.Holmes C. B. Quran Burning and Religious Hatred: A Comparison of American, International, and European Approaches to Freedom of Speech. In: Washington University Global Studies Law Review, 2012, vol. 11, no. 2, pp. 458–481.Liu T., Guan T. Globalized fears, localized securities: ‘Terrorism’ in political polarization in a one-party state. In: Communist and Post-Communist Studies, 2019, vol. 52, no. 4, pp. 343–353.Liu T., Guan T. Globalized fears, localized securities: ‘Terrorism’ in political polarization in a one-party state. In: Communist and Post-Communist Studies, 2019, vol. 52, no. 4, pp. 343–353.Reichelmann A., Hawdon J., et al. Hate Knows No Boundaries: Online Hate in Six Nations. In: Deviant Behavior, 2021, vol. 42, no. 9, pp. 1100–1111.Reichelmann A., Hawdon J., et al. Hate Knows No Boundaries: Online Hate in Six Nations. In: Deviant Behavior, 2021, vol. 42, no. 9, pp. 1100–1111.Reis P. M. G. I., Ribeiro R. O. A forensic evaluation method for DeepFake detection using DCNN-based facial similarity scores. In: Forensic Science International, 2023. DOI: 10.1016/j.forsciint.2023.111747Reis P. M. G. I., Ribeiro R. O. A forensic evaluation method for DeepFake detection using DCNN-based facial similarity scores. In: Forensic Science International, 2023. DOI: 10.1016/j.forsciint.2023.111747Seow J. W., Lim M. K., et al. A comprehensive overview of Deepfake: Generation, detection, datasets, and opportunities. In: Neurocomputing, 2022, vol. 517, no. 7, pp. 351–371.Seow J. W., Lim M. K., et al. A comprehensive overview of Deepfake: Generation, detection, datasets, and opportunities. In: Neurocomputing, 2022, vol. 517, no. 7, pp. 351–371.Siapera E. Al Content Moderation, Racism and (de)Coloniality. In: International Journal of Bullying Prevention, 2022, no. 4, pp. 55–65.Siapera E. Al Content Moderation, Racism and (de)Coloniality. In: International Journal of Bullying Prevention, 2022, no. 4, pp. 55–65.Smith L. G. E, Wakeford L., et al. Detecting psychological change through mobilizing interactions and changes in extremist linguistic style. In: Computers in Human Behavior, 2020, vol. 108, pp. 1–49.Smith L. G. E, Wakeford L., et al. Detecting psychological change through mobilizing interactions and changes in extremist linguistic style. In: Computers in Human Behavior, 2020, vol. 108, pp. 1–49.Shumakova N. I., Titova E. V. Artificial Intelligence as an Auxiliary Tool for Limiting Religious Freedom in China. In: Journal of Digital Technologies and Law, 2023, vol. 1, no. 2, pp. 540–563.Shumakova N. I., Titova E. V. Artificial Intelligence as an Auxiliary Tool for Limiting Religious Freedom in China. In: Journal of Digital Technologies and Law, 2023, vol. 1, no. 2, pp. 540–563.Sufi M. K., Yasmin M. Racialization of public discourse: portrayal of Islam and Muslims. In: Heylion, 2022. DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2022.e12211Sufi M. K., Yasmin M. Racialization of public discourse: portrayal of Islam and Muslims. In: Heylion, 2022. DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2022.e12211Tian J., Xie H., Hu S., Liu J. Multidimensional Face Representation in a Deep Convolutional Neural Network Reveals the Mechanism Underlying AI Racism. In: Frontiers in Computational Neuroscience, 2021, no. 10. DOI: 10.3389/fncom.2021.620281Tian J., Xie H., Hu S., Liu J. Multidimensional Face Representation in a Deep Convolutional Neural Network Reveals the Mechanism Underlying AI Racism. In: Frontiers in Computational Neuroscience, 2021, no. 10. DOI: 10.3389/fncom.2021.620281

The authors declare that there are no conflicts of interest present.