Legitimacy of the Azerbaijan Democratic Republic in Late 1918 – Early 1920 and English Intervention in Transcaucasia
https://doi.org/10.18384/2949-513X-2024-2-52-63
Abstract
Aim. Determining the political and legal impact of British intervention on the formation of the Azerbaijan Democratic Republic..
Methodology. A political and legal comparative analysis of the process of constitutioning the Azerbaijan Democratic Republic was carried out.
Results. The authors have revealed that the Azerbaijan Democratic Republic took place largely under the influence of foreign interventionists, primarily the British military authorities, who were looking for political support in the Transcaucasian region.
Research implications. For the first time in the study of the history of the state and law of Russia, an analysis of the influence of the English intervention on the constitution of anti-communist regimes in Transcaucasia is made on the example of the Azerbaijan Democratic Republic. The materials of this article can be used in the educational process within the framework of the subject “History of State and law”.
About the Authors
T. G. ChshievRussian Federation
Taimuraz G. Chshiev – Senior Lecturer, Department of Jurisprudence,
ul. Saratovskaya 31, Moscow 109518.
L. A. Savinkina
Russian Federation
Larisa A. Savinkina – Cand. Sci. (Geography), Assoc. Prof., Department of Tourism,
Kirovogradskaya ul. 21-1, Moscow 117519.
S. V. Rodionov
Russian Federation
Sergey V. Rodionov – Postgraduate Student,
ul. Saratovskaya 31, Moscow 109518.
References
1. Aliyeva S. [Azerbaijan Democratic Republic and the Mountain Republic: cooperation, projects of unification and interaction with the Ottoman Empire (according to documents, treaties and notes of 1918–1920) (part 1)]. In: Severo-Kavkazskiy yuridicheskiy vestnik [North Caucasian Legal Bulletin], 2015, no. 4, pp. 115–137.
2. Balayev A. Mamed Emin Rasulzade [Mamed Emin Rasulzade (1884–1955)]. Moscow, Flinta Publ., 2009. 288 p.
3. Bartold V. V. Raboty po drevney geografii i istorii Irana [Works on the historical geography and history of Iran]. Moscow, Vostochnaya literatura RAN Pbl., 2003. 663 p.
4. Volkhonsky M., Mukhanov V. Po sledam Azerbaydzhanskoy Demokraticheskoy Respubliki [In the footsteps of the Azerbaijan Democratic Republic]. Moscow, Yevropa Publ., 2007. 247 p.
5. Gasanli D. P. Russkaya revolyutsiya i Azerbaydzhan. Trudnyy put k nezavisimosti, 1917–1920 [Russian Revolution and Azerbaijan. The Difficult Path to Independence, 1917–1920]. Moscow, Flinta Publ., 2011. 665 p.
6. Guliyev D. Borba Kommunisticheskoy partii za provedeniye leninskoy natsionalnoy politiki v Azerbaydzhane [The Struggle of the Communist Party for the Implementation of Leninist National Policy in Azerbaijan]. Baku, Azerneshr Publ., 1970. 706 p.
7. Davydova T. N. [Azerbaijan Democratic Republic (ADR) and Great Britain at the Paris Peace Conference of 1919–1920: the Problem of Recognizing the Independence of the ADR]. In: Nauchnyy dialog [Scientific Dialogue], 2017, no. 6, pp. 193–204.
8. Huseynov G., ed. Iz istorii obshchestvennogo mneniya i filosofskoy mysli v Azerbaydzhane XIX veka [From the History of Social and Philosophical Thought in Azerbaijan in the 19th Century]. Baku, Izdatelstvo Akademii nauk Azerbaydzhanskoy SSR, 1949. 736 p.
9. Mikhailov V. V. [Dual power in Azerbaijan and the struggle of the Armed Forces of the South of Russia for the Caspian military flotilla in 1919]. In: Vestnik Severnogo (Arkticheskogo) federal’nogo universiteta. Seriya: Gumanitarnyye i sotsialnyye nauki [Bulletin of the Northern (Arctic) Federal University. Series: Humanities and social sciences], 2016, no. 6, pp. 23–32.
10. Raevsky A. Angliyskaya interventsiya i musavatskoye pravitelstvo. Iz istorii interventsii i kontrrevolyutsii v Zakavkazye [English intervention and the Musavat government. From the history of intervention and counterrevolution in Transcaucasia]. Baku, 1927. 195 p.
11. Shnirelman V. A. Voyny pamyati: voyny, identichnost i politika v Zakavkazye [Wars of memory: wars, identity, and politics in Transcaucasia]. Moscow, Akademkniga Publ., 2003. 591 p.
12. Allen W. E. D., Muratoff P. Caucasian battlefields. A history of the wars on the turco-caucasian border. 1828–1921. Cambridge: Cambridge University press, 1953. 614 p.
13. Altstadt A. The Azerbaijani Turks: Power and Identity Under Russian Rule. New York: Hoover Institution Press, 1992. 357 p.
14. Anchabadze G. Armed Forces of Georgian Democratic Republic in 1918–1921. In: Latvijas Universitates Zurnals. Vesture, 2018, no. 5, pp. 100–116.
15. Busch B. C. Mudros to Lausanne: Britain’s Frontier in Western Asia, 1918–1923. Albany, New York, State University of New York Press, 1976. 430 p.
16. Butler R., Bury J. P. T., eds. Documents on British foreign office. 1919–1939. First series. Vol. XII. London, Her Majesty stationery office, 1962. 821 p.
17. George D. L. The Truth About The Peace Treaties. Vol. 1. London, Victor Gollancz Ltd, 1938. 752 p.
18. Hasanli J. Foreign policy of the Republic of Azerbaijan: the difficult road to western integration, 1918–1920. London, New York, Routledge, 2016. 445 p.
19. Hovannisian R. G. The Republic of Armenia. Vol. 1: The First Year, 1918–1919 (Near Eastern Center, UCLA). Berkeley, University of California Press, 1971. 592 p.
20. Kazemzadeh P. The Struggle for Transcaucasia (1917–1921). New York, Philosophical library, 1951. 384 p.
21. Nicolson H. Curzon: The Last Phase, 1919-1925: A Study in Post-War Diplomacy. London, Constable & Co Ltd, 1934. 489 p.
22. Ullman R. H. Anglo-Soviet Relations, 1917–1921.Vol. 3.The Anglo-Soviet Accord. Princeton, N.J., Princeton University Press, 1961. 548 p.
23. Azərbaycan xalq cümhuri̇yyəti̇ni̇n quruculari. göyçayli deputat haci hüseyn haci abdulla oğlu əfəndi̇yev (1887 (1893?) – 1920). Bakı, Mütərcim, 2024. 76 səh.
24. Azərbaycançılıq ideologiyası: ənənə və müasirlik. Bakı, “Elm və təhsil”, 2019. 456 səh.
25. Qasımlı M. C. Azərbaycan Respublikasının tarixi (1991–2021). 2 cilddə. II cild (2003–2021). Bakı, Bakı Dövlət Universiteti, 2021. 520 s.
26. Şahbazov A. Cümhuriyyəti ordusunun zabit və hərbi məmurları. Bakı, “M aarif”, 2020. 816 səh.
27. XX əsr Azərbaycantarixi: IIcild. Bakı: Təhsil, 2009. 560 p.