NATURAL LAW AND ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE: TOWARDS A «DIGITAL CAMBRIAN EXPLOSION»

Aim. To logically formulate the problem of legal thinking of artificial intelligence and the emerging legal relationship between biological and non-biological intelligence at an early stage of artificial intelligence development, capable of claiming the role of conventional legal theory and providing a satisfactory explanation of one or another social and legal relationship based on their nature. Methodology. When working on the article, the authors studied a large volume of scientific and legal literature, numbering about 70 sources, some of which were little known to the Russian scientific community or were first introduced into scientific circulation. The methodological basis of the study is a complex of general scientific and special legal methods, in particular, the systemic method, analysis, synthesis, generalization and forecasting. Besides, a formal legal method was used for the purpose of analyzing regulatory legal acts, as well as a comparative approach when analyzing foreign and Russian sources. The historical and legal method made it possible to consider the origin, formation and development of natural and positive law in chronological sequence, taking into account modern technological features. Results. In the course of the research: 1) a careful attempt was made to describe the genesis of philosophical (natural) law through theoretical constructions in the form of a natural process from the ontological principle to the axiological one; 2) consistently collected and analyzed various existing scientific-philosophical and religious-philosophical approaches to natural law, categories of good and evil, as ontological and axiological principles of law; 3) offered answers to the main questions of the philosophy of law; 4) an abstract legal structure is formulated in the form of a pyramid of abilities, which makes it possible to give a satisfactory answer to the question about the laws of natural law processes and describe their possible trajectories in the future. Research implications. The scientific novelty of the work lies in anticipating the regulation of legal relations associated with the emergence of artificial intelligence and personified value categories in the latter, which are different from human ones. The results of the work can be used in teaching such disciplines as «Philosophy» and «Philosophy of Law».

philosophy of law, natural law, theory of law, ontology of law, axiology of law, ethics of law, artificial intelligence

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