MARGINALITY AND OUTCASTNESS AS A SOCIAL AND LEGAL STATUS AND IMAGE OF LEGAL CONSCIOUSNESS IN MEDIEVAL RUSSIA AND SPAIN OF THE XI–XIII CENTURIES. AN EXPERIENCE OF COMPARATIVE HISTORICAL AND LEGAL RESEARCH

Aim. To disclose features of the social and legal status of the outcast (marginal) on the historical and legal material of Medieval Russia and Spain in the period from the 11th to the 13th centuries and to identify the conceptual and methodological basis and prospects for further research.
Methodology. The research was conducted within the framework of the cultural and anthropological paradigm, which allowed outlining new ways to study a largely unexplored and poorly understood issue in modern historical and legal science, both in Russia and abroad. The directions for comparative legal research of this issue allow, using the method of analogy, to make a reasonable assumption about the peculiarities of the social and legal status of the outcasts (marginals) in Medieval Russia and Spain in the period from the 11^th to the 13^th centuries.
Results. The main difficulties of studying the outcasts (marginals) are revealed by using classical methodology. The necessity of applying postclassical methodology in historical and legal science is shown, and prospects for further research of the issue are indicated. The features of the social and legal status of such social group as the outcasts (marginals) are demonstrated on the historical and legal material of Medieval Russia and Spain in the period from the 11th to the 13d centuries. The criteria for dividing into subgroups are highlighted. It is shown that further study should be based on the analysis of sources for these subgroups, since the outcasts (marginals) are not a compact group, but a reconstruction of a set of individuals and little groups on one basis of «falling out» of the social structure, regardless of the reasons for such «falling out».
Research implications. The research is a conceptual and methodological development of the analysis of the social and legal status of the outcasts (marginals) and its prospects on the historical and legal material of Medieval Russia and Spain in the period from 11th to the 13th centuries, which determines the prospects for further study of the issue within the framework of postclassical historical and legal methodology when conducting the interdisciplinary comparative legal research.

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