National Projects in the Legal Mechanism of Strategic Planning

Aim. To identify the essence and role of national projects as formally defined documents within the legal framework of strategic planning, to examine the legal force of acts establishing the content of national projects in order to clarify the legality of budget expenditures.

Methodology.  General scientific methods (observation, comparison), logical methods (analysis, synthesis, generalization, induction, deduction), specific scientific methods (systemic, structural-functional), and specialized methods (formal-legal, legal hermeneutics) were used.

Results. The place and essence of national projects within the system of budget law sources is substantiated. National projects represent one of the key instruments for implementing the strategic development of the Russian Federation, ensuring the achievement of priority state policy goals. They cover various areas of public life, including the economy, social protection, education, healthcare, and innovative technologies. At the same time, national projects have a high degree of normative significance. Achieving project goals requires significant budgetary allocations and effective financial resource management, as budget risks can lead not only to significant budget losses but also to the failure to achieve the stated objectives. Legal measures are designed to ensure the achievement of national project goals on time and with the rational use of budgetary resources. National projects in the Russian Federation represent a complex legal phenomenon, combining elements of strategic management, program planning, and public law regulation. The possibility of classifying national projects as a special legal institution within the system of budgetary law sources is substantiated. This legal phenomenon occupies an intermediate position between regulatory legal acts and programmatic documents of public administration.

Research implications. Understanding the legal characteristics of national projects complements the doctrinal concept of the system of budgetary law sources and allows for the improvement of legislation in the area of budgetary regulation and financial control, as existing mechanisms do not always allow for the timely identification and mitigation of threats arising at various stages of national program implementation. Legally defining targeted expenditures serves as an effective financial control mechanism, as any attempts to divert or misuse national project funds are promptly identified by oversight bodies.

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