This article analyzes the projects of vari-ous committees, as well as suggestions, comments and remarks by manufacturers, district councils and gover-nors on the issue of limiting child labor. The enormous amount of factual data on the subject was taken into ac-count by the committee of the Ministry of Finance, which resulted in developing and adopting the 1882 Act. The Act laid the foundation of labor legislation in the Russian Empire.

The article is concerned with legal nature of canonical (church) law which affected the formation and development of modern European legal systems. The author tackles the issues of genesis and develop-ment of canonical law which initially emerged as the law of Christian church. Special attention is paid to difficul-ties of regulation and restriction of state participation in church affairs. Different attitudes are formed to norms of secular law and ecclesiastic law.

The article deals with problematic aspects of terminology and possibility to compensate for intan-gible damages caused to legal entity. The authors study the non-material component of a legal entity and sug-gest bases for intangible benefits identification which should be further analyzed and evaluated as to the amount of non-material damages in case of causing harm to a juridical person's reputation. A comparative analysis of reputational harm, non-pecuniary damage and intangible losses is carried out.

This article describes how to develop and implement public policy opportunities for crime preven-tion. It also considers the activity of public and non-pub-lic bodies to shape and implement the key objectives, principles, directions and means of preventing juvenile crime. The author suggests enhancing the activity and interaction of state bodies to prevent juvenile delin-quency and stresses the need of identifying «difficult» teenagers to apply preventive measures.

The article considers some characteristic forms of Europeanization of public international law. Of all the most common forms, such as general principles of international law, customary rules of international law, international agreements, acts of judicial law interpre-tation, the author focuses on international agreements and the European Court procedures. Certain types of international treaties, mixed inter-national treaties in particular, which provide for joint re-sponsibility of the parties, are of high importance in the process of Europeanization. European Court plays a significant role in the pro-cess of Europeanization of public international law, as this supranational body converts the incorporation of international treaties of the European community into European constitutional acts. The author also highlights the fact that the process of Europeanization of public international law is bilater-al, and international law has the opposite effect on Euro-pean law enhancing regulative possibilities of the latter.

The article reveals the features of making political cooperation bodies and the connection of this process with geopolitical changes in Europe. The study analyses the treaties, legislative acts determining the le-gal nature of these bodies, as well as the statements of the founding fathers of the European integration. On ex-amining the legal aspects of political cooperation among the EU member states, the author came to the conclu-sion that the European Union sees no alternative to the development of political integration.

The article considers the following prob-lems: - qualification of an act as a property crime in con-nection with establishment of such an obligatory objec-tive sign as «uncompensated seizure» in the legislative definition of "theft"; - violation of the constitutional rights of an individual and a citizen in the implementation of property rights. The current Russian legislation governing and de-fending property relations and revealing their content is analyzed. Some ways of solving the above-mentioned problems are suggested.

Since the middle of the 1980s democratic processes in Russia have inspired interest to its own history and the history of the nations living on its terri-tory. Nowadays there is necessity of defining citizenship as a legal institute of Russia. The aim of the article is to examine historical and legal issues of receiving Russian citizenship by Kalmyk people. Kalmyks' voluntary natu-ralization is not merely a legal act of fixing their status as citizens of Russia, but also a political act as Kalmyks were granted this status with the aim of protecting the southwest part of the country from invasions, thus ex-panding the state borders. The history of Kalmykia is closely connected with the history of the Russian state and with the process of naturalization.