Aim. To identify specific features of the subject and methodology of the history of political and legal doctrines as legal science and an academic discipline of the theoretical and historical cycle.

Methodology. The article uses the method of analyzing the subject of the history of political and legal doctrines (its structural components) and approaches the study of political and legal doctrines and ideologies, as well as the method of their comparative study.

Results. The article presents the author’s vision of the subject of the history of political and legal doctrines, as well as a description of the features of fundamental approaches to the study of political and legal doctrines and ideologies that constitute the methodology of this legal science.

Research implications. It is concluded that it is impossible to recreate a complete picture of the development of political and legal thought in Russia and foreign countries without the integrated use of materialistic, idealistic, metaphysical, dialectical, historical (concrete-historical) and relativistic approaches to the study of political and legal doctrines and ideologies that constitute the subject of the history of political and legal teachings.

Aim. To analyse approaches to the define digital sovereignty and the development of the digital sovereignty concept.

Methodology. Comparative legal analysis was a key research method In the study. The context analysis of scientific publications and legislation of various countries was carried out. Classification and synthesis methods were applied to identify common and specific elements of digital sovereignty.

Results. It is proved that the qualitative difference between digital sovereignty and traditional state sovereignty is sovereign rights (the ability to control) over data. Based on this, it is concluded that the diversity of national approaches to the conceptualization and legal regulation of digital sovereignty are nothing more than differences in the methods of public administration inherent in these countries. Based on this, the definition of digital sovereignty is formulated.

Research implications. It consists in revealing the essence of digital sovereignty as the ability to manage data and the conclusion drawn from this that the current contradictions between national approaches to understanding digital sovereignty can be resolved by developing unified, coordinated approaches to international legal regulation in this area.

Aim. To assess the legal status of minors through the lens of their influence on state and legal regulation of information security for minors.

Methodology. This study utilizes normative analysis, comparative legal analysis, and systems research. The study analyzes the legal provisions of the Republic of Belarus and the Russian Federation, as well as international norms governing children’s safety in cyberspace. The problematic issues are identified, general trends in the development of the area under study are revealed, and specific aspects of the national legal system are explored.

Results. The relevance of legal support for children and adolescents’ interactions with the information space, particularly cyberspace, is substantiated. The influence of the specific constitutional and legal status of minors on the system of organizational and legal measures to ensure their information security is demonstrated; specific features of improving the national model for ensuring the safety of minors from threats and challenges in the information environment are highlighted.

Research implications. The article is expanding the conceptual and categorical apparatus in the field of legal support for the sphere of personal information security, revealing the characteristics and key areas for improving the organizational and legal measures taken to ensure the safety of children and adolescents in the information space.

Aim. To justify the inclusion of land relations in constitutional law.

Methodology. The main content of the study is an analysis of the positions in the scientific literature on the nature of land legal relations and their inclusion in a particular branch of law. The legal positions of the Constitutional Court of the Russian Federation on this issue are also summarized.

Results. According to the results of the study, a conclusion was made about the constitutional and legal nature of land legal relations, which is further developed in sectoral legislation.

Research implications. The issues of the content of the subject of constitutional law based on the study of land legal relations have been updated, arguments in favor of the constitutional nature of land legal relations have been proposed.

Aim. To analyze and clarify the essential properties and characteristics of the consent of company participants to the alienation of a share in the authorized capital to third parties.

Methodology. The author used methods of formal logic (deduction, induction, and classification), systemic analysis of legal phenomena, and the method of generalizing judicial practice.

Results. The analysis conducted suggests that the positions of academic researchers on this issue are insufficiently substantiated. It is connected with the framework of preemptive corporate rights, such a manifestation as consent to the actions of a legal partner occupies a special place, and its study requires reference to the theory of preemptive rights themselves. The paper proposes to examine this legal possibility from the perspective of legal technology (as elements of legal technique and legal tactics), the teleological grounds for establishing a preemptive right (coordination of the interests of legal partners), and its social characteristics (social orientation). The consent of company participants to the alienation of a share in the authorized capital to third parties should be considered a form of preemptive corporate right. At the same time, the disunity of judicial practice in this category of disputes is established, the dynamics of changes in the courts’ approaches to resolving the issue of establishing the fact of violation of this preemptive right are examined, and recommendatory proposals are made aimed at ensuring the uniformity of judicial practice, increasing the level of protection of partners in corporate law, and the overall effectiveness of legal regulation of relations in the sphere of business entity management.

Research implications. This article examines problematic and unresolved scientific issues related to determining the legal nature of the consent of company participants to the alienation of a share in the authorized capital to third parties as a preferential corporate right. The article contributes to the study of issues of civil and corporate law in terms of protecting the rights of participants in business entities.

Aim. To conduct comprehensive analysis of the theoretical and methodological foundations and experimental validation of modern methods of trace evidence methodology that ensure compliance with the requirements of scientific nature, objectivity and reliability imposed by the legislation of the Russian Federation for forensic examinations.

Methodology. The scientific literature was analyzed, the theoretical foundations of trace evidence methodology, as well as modern approaches to such research were studied, the works of both domestic and foreign authors specializing in the use of trace evidence methods in forensics were analyzed. Real cases of using various research methods in judicial practice are considered.

Results. It was confirmed in the study that the term “trace” needs to be clarified in forensic science, the Quantitative Trace Evidence Methodology Assessment Model was substantiated.

Research implications. The results of the study expand the understanding of the capabilities of modern technologies in the field of ballistic expertise. The developed approaches can be used to improve curricula in the field of forensic science, as well as to develop new methodologies for the study of trace evidence processes. The proposed methods can be directly implemented in the work of investigative bodies and expert institutions.

Aim. The study aims not only to identify the main gaps in the regulatory framework, but also to offer specific recommendations for improving the effectiveness of criminal prosecution in this area.

Methodology. Within the framework of the work, the methods of normative analysis, comparative legal approach and system research are applied. The analysis of the provisions of the Constitution of the Russian Federation, the codes of the Russian Federation, federal laws and international norms regulating the responsibility of minors and their legal representatives has been carried out.

Results. This scientific article comprehensively examines the criminal liability of parents whose minor children under the age of fourteen have committed serious and especially serious crimes. The work analyzes the historical evolution of criminal legislation, current trends in legal practice, and also examines the social psychological aspects of the impact of crimes on the family system.

Research implications. Special attention is paid to the problems of legal regulation and possible ways to improve legislation.